Grammar in Focus

1. Pronouns
A. Personal pronouns
     Personal pronouns refer to specific people or things.
     Personal pronouns can be used as the subject and object of a sentense. Look at the table below.
   
   

			Personal Pronouns
Number	Person	Gender	Subject	Object
Singular	1st 2nd 3rd	Male/female Male/female Male Female neuter	I You He She it	Me You Him Her it
Plural	1st 2nd 3rd	Male/female Male/female Male/female/neuter	We You They	Us You Them

Example :

• Subject pronoun : I like cooies
  Object pronoun  : My mother taught me.
• Subject pronoun : Do you like traveling ?
  Object pronoun  : I will help you.
• Subject pronoun : He come late
  Object pronoun  : Should i tell him ?
• Subject pronoun : She is beautiful.
  Object pronoun  : I usually go whit her.
• Subject pronoun : It doesn't work.
  Object pronoun  : Can the mechanic repair it ?
• Subject pronoun : We will leave tomorrow.
  Object pronoun  : Chandra will guide us.
• Subject pronoun : Do you need a table for two ?
  Object pronoun  : Did sigit and chandra beat you at doubles ?
• Subject pronoun : They played doubles.
  Object pronoun  : Sigit and Chandra beat them.

 B. Possesive pronouns
     Possesive pronouns are used to refer to a specific person/people ot thing/things.

     

     

Number	Person	Gender	Possesive Pronouns
Singular	1st 2nd 3rd	Male/female Male/female Male Female	Mine Yours His hers
Plural	1st 2nd 3rd	Male/female Male/female Male/female/neuter	Ours Yours theirs

Example :

• Don't take the book on the desk. The book is mine.
• I looked everywhere for your pen. I found Tiara's,but I couldn't find yours.
• All the reports are good,but his was the best.
• Linda found her purse,but Ratih couldn't find hers.
• Your food is delicious.Ours is terrible.
• I don't like this family's garden,but I like yours.
• Adi and Reza don't like your motorbike.Do you like theirs ?

C. Reflexive pronouns

     We use Reflexive pronouns when we want to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause.  

     Reflexive pronouns end in ''-self''' (singular) or '-selves-' (plural)

Number	Person	Gender	Reflexive Pronouns
Singular	1st 2nd 3rd	Male/female Male/female Male Female	Myself Yourself Himself herself
Plural	1st 2nd 3rd	Male/female Male/female Male/female/neuter	Ourselves Yourselves themselves

Example :

• I saw myself in the mirror.
• You can finish it by yourself.
• Fathir sent himself a copy.
• Maya sent herself a copy.
• My cat hurt itself.
• We can do it ourselves.
• Can you help yourselves ?
• Thet cannot look after themselves.

       

   

Telephone

 Language in Use

Some expressions below are used for making a call :

·         Good morning/afternoon/evening.

·         May I speak to… Please ?

·         May I speak to the general Manger, Plaese?

·         This is … (Your name) From… (your company’s name)

·         I am calling about… (your purpose).

·         Could you put me trought to Mr./Mrs…

·         Could I leave a message ?

·         Could you take my message for Mr/Mrs…. ?

·         Could you ask them to call back later ?

·         Goodbye.

The Common expression of receiving a call are as follows :

·         Good morning/afternoon/evening +your company name

·         May I help you ?

·         Who’s calling, please ?

·         Who’ speaking, please ?

·         Could I have your name, please ?

·         Could I have your phone number, please ?

·         Just a moment, please.

·         Would you mind holding the phone for a moment ?

·         Do you want to hold or call back later ?

·         Could I take a message, please ?

·         Could You please phone extension 123 ?

·         Thank you for calling.

·         Bye

  How to Leave a Good Phone Message

1.       Speak slowlyand clearly. If the recipient can’t understand your message, it will be useless and frustrating.

2.       Try not to ramble, mumble,hesitate or whisper.

3.       Emphasize your phone number and name  by repeating them, especially for business calls or important social engagements.

4.       Prepare , at least in your mind, what you want to say beforehand.

5.       Respond to the metter at hand.if it’s a romantic connections, consider readu\ing a sweet poem

6.       Be businesslike for a business connection. State your name,your company and your reason for the call.

7.       Never feel  compelled to tell all to the machine. Phrases such as. “Call me back for details”.

8.       Cut off ? Call back and leave your message again, explaning why

9.       Include a time when you can be reached for a retrun call.

Example :

Secretary             : Good morning. Semourna Coorporation. Can I help you ?
Caller                     : Morning. Could I speak to Mrs. Eliana, Please ?
Secretary             : Who’s speaking, please ?
Caller                     : This is Dony Nugroho from the Sugema Paper Company.
Secretary             : Would you mind holding the phone for a moment, please ?
Caller                     : All roght
Secretary             : I’m sorry. Mrs. Eliana is having a meeting now ? Would you like to leave
                                  a message ?
Caller                     : Yes. Please ask her to call me back after the meeting.
Secretary             : All right, sir. Can I have your phone number, please ?
Caller                     : Certainly, it’s 081320012461
Secretary             : That’s 081320012461. Anything else sir ?
Caller                     : No. Thank you
Secretary             : Okay. SIR. I’ll give her your message.
Caller                     : Thank you. Bye.
Secretary             : You’re welcome. Bye.